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Addiction is a chronic condition in which a person compulsively engages in a substance use or behaviour despite harmful consequences to their health, relationships, or daily life.

Key points:

• Addiction involves physical and/or psychological dependence.

• Common examples include substance addictions (alcohol, drugs, nicotine) and behavioural addictions (gambling, gaming, shopping, internet use).

• It often alters brain function, affecting reward, motivation, memory, and self-control.

• Individuals continue the behaviour even when it negatively impacts their life.

In short, addiction is a persistent pattern of behaviour or substance use that a person struggles to control, despite significant harm.

Some may experience psychological symptoms such as:

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• Intense cravings or urges to use a substance or engage in a behaviour

• Anxiety, irritability, or restlessness when unable to use

• Preoccupation with obtaining or using the substance/behaviour

• Loss of control over usage (using more or longer than intended)

• Neglecting responsibilities, hobbies, or social activities

• Persistent use despite knowing it causes harm

• Mood swings, depression, or paranoia

Some may experience physical symptoms such as:

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• Tolerance (needing more of the substance for the same effect)

• Withdrawal symptoms when not using (shaking, sweating, nausea, headaches)

• Fatigue or sleep disturbances

• Changes in appetite or weight

• Physical health decline (e.g., liver issues, heart problems, digestive issues)

• Repeated injuries or risky behaviour

• Neglecting personal care or hygiene

• Financial or legal issues due to substance or behaviour